LE MONDE| 10.05.07 |
The great photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson, dead in 2004, had warned: "I always signed and dedicated the circulations of my photographs to those to that I heard to give them, did it write October 30 2000. All the others not consisting of circulations only that of the plugs or seals " Magnum Photos" or my name," Henri cartier-bresson"are alone my property." Matter heard? Not really.
Many realized circulations to the era of the taken one of view, swabbed and signed nos, meet again in sales to the bids. Following the example of this realized photo in Spain and that has for title Aragon, Spain, 1953 , obtained 12 000 dollars February 14, to the occasion of a sale organized by Christie's to New York.
Worse again, on two tests (a Spain view, the Italy other, in 1933) that will be put to the bids by the house Swann, to New York May 22, the signature of the photographer crudely was imitated and the false signature figures in the recto and to the back of the paper, this than Cartier-Bresson never did. To the great displeasure of Foundation Henri Cartier-Bresson, to Paris, that manages the funds of the artist. "These photographs were diverted of their owner ", explains Kristen Van Riel, the vice president of Foundation.
To understand this misappropriation, it is necessary to evoke the role of the press agency Magnum, that the photographer had created in 1947. A multitude of Cartier-Bresson circulations then were borrowed by newspapers and magazines of the entire world in order to reproduce them. But the rule wants that these circulations, only intended for the press, returned, after usage, to Magnum, of which addresses it is swabbed to the back of the circulation.
It happened that certain persons have "forgotten" to return these fine circulations or the preserved by love of the cartier-bresson work. In the years 1950 to 1970, Magnum not about it was concerned really, for it did not exist any true market of the photograph. To the day where the prices took off, from the years 1980. Certain then understood that they held treasures, that they proposed to gallery owner or to houses of sales to the bids, indeed on Internet.
The circulations presented by the house Swann originate Manchete, a press group Brazilian that broadcasted the photos of Magnum in South America, before of go bankrupt there is some years. "People then robbed these photos to be going to sell them in markets to the fleas or in room of the sales ", explains Agnès Sire, the director of Foundation HCB. This that they anonymously facts. And the sale houses to the bids are been anxious the secret. "This is not because Cartier-Bresson had confided these photos to the press that it had renounced its rights ", adds Kristen Van Riel. Also, Foundation does she decide today to act. "Our goal is to reform the market. We wish that the houses of sales to the bids warn their buyers that they are about to to obtain a work that does not belong to the salesman."
OF HANDS IN HANDS
Foundation Cartier-Bresson invites these salesmen to him to return the photographs swabbed realized tests mostly between 1945 and 1973. The one of them, spotted on the site e-bay, recently accepted doing it. "As recognized us public usefulness, we can establish a fiscal certificate of the value to which these circulations were paid ", follows Mr. Van Riel.
The houses of sales to the bids - informed position of the Foundation at the time of a recent meeting - are afraid of to see to fly away itself a juicy market. Christie's had refused to withdraw the fine circulation d'Aragon, Spain, 1953 of the February sale as the asked him Foundation, to the motive that " his owner had obtained it honest".
This that is possible, since these photographs are passed hand in hand with the years, without that their new buyers are not warned of their origin origin. " THIS IS for that that we communicate in this moment. Once informed, theeventual buyers more willnot be able to deduce of their good faith, underlines Agnès Sire. With regards to the tests of which the signature was imitated, we hope that Swann will withdraw them sale. If this is not the case, we will envision legal procedures."
The House Artcurial, to Paris, for its part attained the request of Foundation and removed two photographs swabbed and signed nos of an organized sale February 20. This that does not prevent it to propose in his catalog, for the sale of the 15 and May 16, two tests realized by cartier-bresson in China, in 1949 and 1958 (batches 267-268), that Foundation HCB estimates doubtful. "I am not absolutely agreed with the position of Foundation. It is strange to awaken forty-five after to come to claim these circulations ", explains Grégory Leroy, the specialist of the photograph with Artcurial, furious to see certain salesmen that estimate themselves honest to be going to propose these circulations to the installed houses abroad.
Grégory Leroy fears especially that the case cartier-bresson set a precedent. Most of the photos of the school humanists proposed in room of the sales of the circulations carried out for the press - this that the houses of sales, most of the time, do not write clearly in their catalogs.
" To withdraw them for this motive would mark the end of the market of the photograph in France ", packs itself Grégory Leroy. And to quote as an example the sale Brassaï organized in October 2006. "All the proposed circulations were swabbed and signed nos", assures Mr. Leroy. Of course. But there was a size difference: these tests were sold by the having straight of the Hungarian photographer and no by special.
Hélène Simon translated by FreeTranslation